[Pathogenetic treatment of central chorioretinal dystrophies with pikamilon]. / Patogeneticheski orientirovannoe lechenie tsentral'nykh khorioretinal'nykh distrofii s ispol'zovaniem preparata "pikamilon".

Picamilon was used in the treatment of 48 patients with central chorioretinal dystrophies. In group 1 (34 eyes) the drug was delivered to the posterior pole of the eye through an infusion collagen system, which was followed by He-Ne laser exposure. In group 2 (46 eyes) the patients were given picamilon tablets. The following examinations were carried out in all patients before and immediately after treatment: evaluation of visual acuity, borders of peripheral visual field, critical frequency of fusion of flashes, visocontrastometry, electroretinography with consideration for pathological changes in the retina, rheography, direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Electric sensitivity and electric lability of the retina were evaluated and the function of the off/on channels examined. Subjective and objective parameters improved both in the first and second groups (in 98 and 65%, respectively). Picamilon promoted extension of the peripheral borders of visual field, improved contrast sensitivity, and increased the velocity of the sensorimotor reaction, which indicated improvement of interactions between neurons and of receptor function.

[Mechanisms of sensory function recovery in partial optic nerve atrophy before and after treatment with ampli-pulse phoresis]. / O mekhanizmakh vosstanovleniia sensornykh funktsii pri chastichnoi atrofii zritel'nogo nerva do i posle lecheniia amplipul's-forezom.

Eighty-three patients (119 eyes) with partial optic nerve atrophy of different origin were treated by amplipulse phoresis and observed for 1 year. Based on the data of modern methods of examination of visual functions (changes in visual evoked potentials and achromatic static campimetry), the authors suggest that several mechanisms of visual function improvement underlie the therapeutic effect of amplipulse phoresis. These mechanisms are as follows: activation of the intact part of nerve fibers with restoration of myelin membranes, restoration of viability of nerve fibers in a state of parabiosis; a probable mechanism of visual acuity improvement is modification of the conduction of visual route on-channels, but this hypothesis needs further investigations.

[Ampli-pulse phoresis in patients with partial optic nerve atrophy]. / Primenenie amplipul's-foreza u patsientov s chastichnoi atrofiei zritel'nogo nerva.

A new complex method for treating partial atrophies of the optic nerve unites surgical, physiotherapeutic, and drug effects. One electrode is attached directly to the anterior segment of the optic nerve by a collagen infusion system and the other is fixed at the back of the neck. The involved optic nerve is exposed to sinusoidal modulated currents in the rectified mode, permitting direct drug electrophoresis in parallel with electric stimulation of nerve fibers. The efficiency of the method is two times higher than of standard treatment.

[Combined revascularizing method for treating central atherosclerotic chorioretinopathy]. / Sochetannyi revaskuliariziruiushchii metod lecheniia tsentral'nykh ateroskleroticheskikh khorioretinopatii.

The authors present a new surgical method for treatment of central atherosclerotic chorioretinopathies, consisting of choroid revascularization followed by crossing of the surface temporal artery. Combined revascularizing method improved local ocular hemodynamics and the visual function in 64% patients with pseudotumorous condition and in 81% patients with the "dry" form, stabilizing the process for up to 12 months (period of observation). Morphological analysis showed that after choroid revascularization, a full-value functioning vascular network forms at the interface between the vascular membrane and implanted tissues, and therefore crossing of the surface temporal artery should be performed no earlier than 3 months after choroid revascularization.

[Use of complex compression diagnostic test for defining the indications for surgical treatment of atherosclerotic chorioretinal dystrophy]. / Primenenie kompleksnoi kompressionnoi diagnosticheskoi proby dlia opredeleniia pokazanii k khirurgicheskomu lecheniiu ateroskleroticheskoi khorioretinal'noi distrofii.

Complex compression diagnostic test was carried out in 38 patients (72 eyes) with atherosclerotic maculodystrophy in order to define the indications for and predict the results of treatment by direct laser phoresis. The results of the test were assessed for 4 parameters: vision acuity, critical frequency of fusion of flashes, visocontrastometry, and rheography. The preoperative values did not reliably differ from the postoperative ones. Complex compression test can be used to predict the results of surgery for atherosclerotic maculodystrophies aimed at improving the hemodynamics and microcirculation in the posterior compartment of the eye.

[Results of direct revascularization of choroid: an experimental study]. / Rezultaty operatsii priamoi revaskuliarizatsii khoroidei v éksperimene.

The morphology of histological slices of tissue at the site of direct revascularization of the choroid was assessed in various periods (15 days, 1, 3, and 6 months) after surgery. The surgical method was as follows: a collagen hemostatic sponge, a strip of subconjunctival tissue, and tissue of the external rectal muscle were put onto an exposed 4 x 4 mm site of the choroid and closed with an episcleral flap fixed with nodular sutures without pulling. Experiments were carried out on 13 rabbits (26 eyes). Direct revascularization of the choroid was performed in all animals. The animals were sacrificed by air embolism 15 days, 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Vascular filling was carried out. The eyes were enucleated, paraffin slices were prepared from tissues at the site of operation, and the slices were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, tholuidine blue, and after Van Gieson. After direct revascularization of the choroid with episcleral, muscular, and subconjunctival tissue and collagen sponge numerous full-value vascular formations are seen at the site of the intervention as early as 3 months after surgery; these vascular formations connect the extraorbital tissues rich in vessels with the vascular coating; the number of newly formed vessels increases by 6 months postoperation. The results of experiments give good grounds for clinical use of the method.

[New method of atherosclerotic macular dystrophies treatment]. / Novyi metod lecheniia ateroskleroticheskikh makulodistrofii.

The authors analyze the results of treating atherosclerotic maculodystrophies by direct laser phoresis. The method consists in insertion of a collagen infusion system in Tenon's space. Drugs (nicotinic acid or xanthinol nicotinate) are delivered to the posterior compartment of the eye through this system. Then a light guide is inserted in the tube and a 2-min session of low-intensity He-Ne laser exposure is performed at a wavelength of 630 nm, and 10 mWt/cm2 flow power density (7 to 10 sessions per course). Clinical studies showed that vision acuity increased by an average of 0.08 diopters, or by 40% of the initial level, in 72% of cases. The peripheral visual field extended by an average of 51.4 degrees for 8 meridians in 95% of patients. The index of critical frequency of flashings fusing and the frequency-contrast characteristics improved in 85% of cases. The rheography improved by 34.5% of the initial level. A stable improvement was observed for 12 months after a course of direct laser phoresis in 97.5% of patients. Hence, the new method is simple and recommended for the treatment of atherosclerotic maculodystrophies.

[A method of direct electrophoresis of the optic nerve in patients with far-advanced glaucoma]. / Sposob priamogo élektroforeza zritel'nogo nerva u bol'nykh s daleko zashedshei stadiei glaukomy.

A new method for the treatment of diseases of the optic nerve and posterior segment of the eyeball is proposed: direct electrophoresis. Surgical treatment of 85 patients with far-advanced glaucoma in combination with the said method helped attain a reliable improvement of the vision acuity, of the total visual field, of critical frequency of flashing fusion, and of the linear velocity of the blood flow in the ocular artery in the majority of patients. This method holds good promise in the treatment of partial atrophies of the optic nerve of different origin, including the descending ones, and of dystrophic conditions of the posterior segment of the eye.

[A new method of drug administration into the posterior section of the sub-Tenon's space]. / Novyi metod vvedeniia lekarstvennykh preparatov v zadnii otdel subtenonova prostranstva.

A new method for instillation and deposition of drugs in the sub-Tenon's space has been developed, that permits the maintenance of a high concentration of the drug directly in contact with the posterior segment sclera and membranes of the optic nerve anterior segment. It consists in the following: a collagen hemostatic sponge, connected to a silicone tube, is implanted into the sub-Tenon's space; the drugs are administered via this tube. Analysis of the results of 115 surgeries has demonstrated considerable advantages of this method over the traditional methods of drug instillation.

[Correlation of changes in the optic disk and retina in primary open-angle glaucoma]. / Zavisimost' izmenenii diska zritel'nogo nerva i setchatki ot stadii pervichnoi otkrytougol'noi glaukomy.

Analysis of seventy-seven monocular photographs of the fundus oculi of normal subjects and patients with various glaucoma stages has brought the authors to a conclusion on the diagnostic value of the symptom of the optic disk 'outlining' vessels, phenomenon of the optic disk 'sinking', phenomenon of retinal nerve fiber 'loss', and reduced number and diameter of the retinal vessels in the patients with initial stages of glaucoma.

[Hemodynamic processes in eye models with different levels of intraocular pressure]. / Gemodinamicheskie protsessy v modeli glaza pri razlichnykh urovniakh vnutriglaznogo davleniia.

Intraocular pressure effects on blood flow volumic rate in an eye model were examined in various arterial pressure levels and perfused liquid viscosity values. The findings evidence an exponential relationship between intraocular pressure elevation and blood flow volumic rate reduction. Hypotensive drugs should be prescribed with care to glaucoma patients, with the blood viscosity values monitored.

[Ocular hypertension: results of a 10-year follow-up study]. / Oftal'mogipertenziia: rezul'taty desiatiletnego dinamicheskogo nabliudeniia.

A multifactorial mathematical analysis with a diagnosis presented as a complex number was used in assessing results of 10-year follow-up of ophthalmic hypertension subjects. When the follow-up was over, the patients were divided into three groups by the findings at clinical examination. Group I patients (37%) recovered normal ophthalmic tone, group II patients (34%) remained hypertensive and group III (29%) developed an open angle primary glaucoma. The mathematical processing of diagnostic signs permitted an accurate diagnosis and monitoring of the process.

[Theoretical and clinical aspects of ocular hemodynamics examination using ophthalmo-sphygmography and rheo-ophthalmography]. / Teoreticheskie i klinicheskie aspekty issledovaniia gemodinamiki glaza metodami oftal'mosfigmografii i reooftal'mografii.

Correlation between the findings of ophthalmosphygmography and rheoophthalmography in patients with various levels of intraocular pressure is analyzed. Rheoophthalmography was found more informative in studies of the hemodynamics in glaucoma patients. Ophthalmosphygmography yields information on ocular vessels tone. Examination of ocular hemodynamics both the methods appears to be optimal, for these techniques supplement each other.

[Retrospective analysis of the parameters of ocular hemodynamics in patients with initial open-angle glaucoma]. / Retrospektivnyi analiz pokazatelei gemodinamiki glaz u bol'nykh nachal'noi otkrytougol'noi glaukomoi.

The authors analyze ocular hemodynamics parameters in patients with ocular hypertension who were transferred to glaucoma group during ten-year follow-up. The patients who were transferred to this group were those whose hemodynamic parameters were lower than in the reference group. By the end of the follow-up period a negligible reduction of the hemodynamic parameters was observed in the 'hypertension' group and a statistically significant reduction in glaucoma patients. This lead the authors to a conclusion on the necessity of early prescription of drugs stimulating disordered ocular hemodynamics.

[Correlation of the parameters of central and regional hemodynamics of the eye in patients with open-angle glaucoma]. / Korreliatsiia pokazatelei tsentral'noi i regionarnoi gemodinamiki glaza u bol'nykh otkrytougol'noi glaukomoi.

Studies of this correlation have revealed correlation between stroke and minute blood volumes in reference subjects and in patients with open-angle glaucoma with the rheographic coefficient. No correlation at Stages II-IV glaucoma indicates a decompensation of ocular hemodynamics regulation mechanisms. Hemodynamic disorders should be corrected already during the first stage of the disease to prevent the disease progress to later stages.